The history and culture of Egypt can be traced back to around 10th Millennium BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified under an Egyptian king called Menes beginning two and half thousand years of Pharonic times that saw the building of Egypt's finest monuments, from the Pyramids, the Sphinx, the tombs of the Valley of the Kings and the twin temples of Abu Simbel to the Ptolemaic temples at Philae. Originally Egyptians were a hunter-gatherer race which, later settled as agriculturalists around 5,500 BC.

Egypt is one of the most populated countries in Africa and the Middle East. Majority of its people live near the banks of the River Nile, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable agricultural land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are mainly inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with the majority spread across the densely-populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.

Rail:
- Operated by Egyptian National Railway, it provides direct access to Aswan, the Red Sea Cities and links to the Mediterranean Sea with trains running frequently from 5:30am to midnight.
- Fares are inexpensive, but unless traveling with a tour, tickets need to be purchased from the main railway stations (in Cairo at the Ramses Station at Midan Ramses).
- There is one other rail service (the only privately owned train) a sleeper train going from Cairo to Aswan and back again. It leaves Cairo at 7pm and arrives in Aswan at 9am.
- Booking need to be made a week in advance through a travel agent or from Compagnie Internationale des Wagons Lits Egypte, 9 Sh Menes, Heliopolis, Tel: 0002 290 8802/4; 48 Sh Giza, Giza, Tel: 0002 348 7354.

Air:
- Many airlines fly into Egypt's major tourist destinations.
- Egypt Air provides domestic air service to major tourist destinations.

Road:
- Air-conditioned buses provide links to most parts of Egypt to Cairo and Alexandria but the journeys can be very long and boring. There are non air-conditioned buses available at a cheaper rate but are not recommended as you will be crammed in sweltering conditions for long hours.
- Taxis can be hailed on the street, they readily available and inexpensive, or arranged through the hotel.
- Luxor, Aswan and Sharm el Sheikh (Namma Bay) can be viewed on foot easily or there are plenty of horse drawn carriages which are good for sightseeing or short distances.

January
International Nile Festival for Children Song

February
International Egyptian Marathon Luxor
International Fishing Competition Hurghada
Cairo International Bridge Festival
Camel Race Festival in Ismailia
Cairo International Book Fair
Festival of Perpendicular Sun on Abu Simbel

March
Cairo International Festival for Children Cinema
Akhbar El-Yom International Hockey Championship

April
International Aero Rally Egypt
International Sinai Bowling Championship
World Cup Championship for Shooting

May
No event has been organised this month

June
Al-Ahram International Squash Competition
Oscar Song Festival

July
Al-Ahram International Tennis Championship
International Documentary Film Festival in Ismailia

August
Camel Race Competition In North Sinai
Cairo International Song Festival
Ismailia International Folklore Festival

September
Arab Horse Festival in Al-Sharkia
Alex. International Film Festival
Mediterranean Travel Fair
International Experimental Theatre Festival
The Egyptian International Times Table Competition

October
Pharaoh Rally Competition
The Egyptian International Bowling Competition

November
Festival of Tut Ankh Amon Tomb Discovery
The Pharaohs Marathon Giza
Arab Horse Festival

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